Stability of classical swine fever virus and pseudorabies. The disease is still present in many countries, so there is a risk that it could become. Until today csf remains a lingering problem in many parts of the world where it has both, an economic impact on swine production and a constraining effect on trade 23. The causative agent is csf virus, a small, enveloped rna virus of the genus pestivirus. Comparison of six rna extraction methods for the detection of.
Classical swine fever is highly contagious and infection spreads rapidly by direct or indirect contact between infected and susceptible pigs. It is caused by a virus of the genus pestivirus of the family flaviviridae, which is closely related to the viruses that cause bovine viral diarrhoea in cattle and border disease in sheep. Classical swine fever in the latest edition of the oie manual of diagnostic tests. Csfv is generally considered to be restricted to domestic and wild suids. Classical swine fever virus csfv is an important member of pestivirus genus within the flaviviridae family 1. The viral disease classical swine fever csf, caused by a pestivirus, is one of the major causes of economic losses for pig farming. Csf is probably the most important transmissible disease of pigs and it is caused by classical swine fever virus csfv, a member of the flaviviridae family within the pestivirus genus. Csf was eradicated from the united states in 1978 after a 16year. Epidemiology, diagnosis and control of classical swine fever.
Herdchek classical swine fever virus csfv antigen test kitserum creating a userdefined assay is an easy process of two tasksediting an xchek file to allow you to create an assay, and then creating the assay within xchek. Hog cholera, also known as classical or european swine fever, is caused by hog cholera virus, a member of the genus pestivirus. Classical swine fever the center for food security and public. Virus organization and replication classical swine fever virus csfv belongs to the genus pestivirus within the flaviviridae family 1. Classical swine fever still a threat classical swine fever csf, also known as hog cholera, is a highly contagious viral disease of swine. Classical swine fever csf causes major losses in pig farming, with various degrees of disease severity. Classical swine fever csf is a highly contagious and often fatal hemorrhagic disease of swine and is caused by classical swine fever virus csfv, a member of the genus pestivirus of the family flaviviridae. The only way to distinguish reliably between classical swine fever and asf is by identifying the virus.
African swine fever asf and classical swine fever csf 1. For the global pig industry, classical csf and african swine fever asf outbreaks are a constantly feared threat. Overview of classical swine fever generalized conditions. Restin encephalomyocarditis virus porcine epidemic diarrhea virus hepatitis e.
The oie manual recognizes a myriad of assays as acceptable means. Classical swine fever virus an overview sciencedirect. In this study, we focused on the signalling pathways of tolllike receptors. In fact, asf was even thought to be caused by the same virus as csf before. Except for classical swine fever virus csfv, there is a consensus that pestiviruses have. From the task bar, choose start run, and then type i into the text box. Classical swine fever csf or hog cholera also sometimes called pig plague based on the german word schweinepest is a highly contagious disease of swine old world and new world pigs.
Classical swine fever csf is a highly contagious and often fatal disease of swine, affecting domestic and wild pig populations. Since 2014, sporadic csf outbreaks have been occurring in some cstrain vaccinated provinces of china. Classical swine fever aetiology epidemiology diagnosis prevention and control references aetiology classification of the causative agent classical swine fever csf virus is a member of the. In 20142015, the epidemic of classical swine fever csf occurred in many largescale pig farms in different provinces of china, and a subgenotype 2. Classical swine fever virus csfv, bovine viral diarrhoea virus bvdv, and border disease virus bdv are the 3 members of the genus pestivirus within the family flaviviridae. Except for sardinia, asf was eradicated in europe in the late 1990s, which led to a research focus on csf because this disease continued to be present. Classification of the causative agent resistance to physical. Csf endemic countries have to use routine vaccination with modified live virus mlv vaccines to prevent. Similar names suggest similar disease characteristics for african and classical swine fever asf and csf. Highly contagious, viral disease of pigs that is usually fatal. Although classical swine fever was once widespread, many countries have eradicated this disease from domesticated. Infection occurs in wild and domestic pigs, including wild boar, and rarely in cattle. The assay, which was classical swine fever virus rnaspecific, was compared with other methods for detection of this virus, including various rtpcr configurations, virus isolation and elisa. People are not affected by african swine fever or classical swine fever.
The aim of this study is to develop a onedose e2subunit vaccine. We are advising the public that a risk analysis has been prepared by the animal plant health inspection service aphis relative to the risk of introducing classical swine fever virus in swine and swine. Intermittent csf outbreaks in europe and other parts of the world result in significant economic losses. Classical swine fever is one of the most important swine diseases worldwide and has tremendous socioeconomic impact. Pdf classical swine fever virus c strain distribution. Classical swine fever virus csfv and pseudorabies virus prv are two of the most significant trade. Other members of this genus are bovine viral diarrhea virus 1 and 2 bvdv1 and 2, border disease virus bdv and a growing number of unclassi. Depending on both virus and host factors, a wide range of clinical. Classical swine fever virus c strain distribution in organ samples of inoculated piglets. Classical swine fever virus porcine parainfluenza 1 virus african swine fever virus atypical swine pestivirus pseudorabies virus influenza c virus influenza a virus porcine respiratory coronavirus nipah virus hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus ebola.
The disease is similar to classical swine fever, but is caused by a different virus. Classical importance swine fever hog cholera, swine fever, european swine fever, peste du porc, colera porcina, virusschweinepest last updated. Genetic diversity and positive selection analysis of. The individual outcome depends on the age of the infected animal and the virulence of the virus and can range from fatal to subclinical.
Classical swine fever outbreak after modified live lom. Classical swine fever virus csfv infects pigs and wild boar. Classical swine fever virus csfv is a lipidenveloped. However, asf remerged in eastern europe in 2007 and the interest in the disease, its control and epidemiology increased. Classical swine fever csf is a contagious febrile disease of pigs that is associated with high lethality. Anonymous, 2002, and the oie manual of diagnostic tests and. Csf inactivation in meat this document provides the current scientific knowledge of the level of persistence of the csf virus in a variety of meat products, including hams and sausages. Although classical swine fever was once widespread, many countries have eradicated this disease from domesticated swine. Classical swine fever aetiology epidemiology diagnosis prevention and control references aetiology classification of the causative agent classical swine fever csf virus is a member of the family flaviviridae, genus pestivirus, containing one. This risk analysis is a supplement to a risk analysis. Classical swine fever csf remains one of the most important transboundary viral diseases of swine worldwide.
Genetic variability and distribution of classical swine. Classical swine fever csf, otherwise known as hog cholera hc or just swine fever, is a specific viral disease of pigs. In most national csf eradication programmes and in countries which are free of the csf virus, vaccination against csf is not practised. Herdchek classical swine fever virus csfv antigen test kitserum creating a userdefined assay is an easy process of two tasksediting an xchek file to allow you to create an assay, and then creating. The disease is still present in many countries, so there is a risk that it could become established in this country once again. Infection occurs in wild and domestic pigs, including wild. Flaviviridae, which is closely related to the viruses that cause bovine viral diarrhoea in cattle and border. We currently maintain contracts with biologics manufacturers that hold our csf vaccine as a contingency to address an outbreak of this disease anywhere in the country. Characterisation of newly emerged isolates of classical swine. Classical swine fever virus the pirbright institute. Although several countries have become free from classical swine fever after eradication programs, sporadic outbreaks continue to occur in most major pigproducing countries, and classical swine fever is endemic to some countries in asia. Based on partial sequences, three genotypes can be distinguished that do not, however, directly correlate with virulence.
Classical swine fever csf is one of the diseases notifiable to the world organization for. The e2 glycoprotein of classical swine fever virus is a. Classical swine fever csf or hog cholera is a highly contagious swine viral disease. Pdf classical swine fever virus in cattle researchgate. Besides high fever, the disease is characterized by a broad spectrum of clinical signs. However, it is impossible to serologically differentiate mlv vaccinated pigs from those infected with csf virus csfv. It is a notifiable disease in most countries of the world. Classical swine fever virus csfv is an enveloped singlestranded rna virus of positive polarity in the family flaviviridae, genus pestivirus. In 19971998, an outbreak in the netherlands spread to involve more.
Usda aphis classical swine fever standard operating procedure. Classical swine fever is a highly contagious disease of pigs that tremendously affects the swine industry. Pdf tropical animal health and production prevalence of. Pdf classical swine fever virus c strain distribution in. Classical swine fever is a highly contagious disease that affects domestic and wild pigs worldwide. African swine fever asf is a highly contagious virus that causes an often fatal disease in pigs and wild boar. Csf was eradicated from the united states in 1978 after a 16year effort by the industry and state and federal governments. Characterisation of newly emerged isolates of classical. Classical swine fever hog cholera iowa state university. Pigs immunized with a novel e2 subunit vaccine are protected. Epidemiology, diagnosis and control of classical swine. This study investigated the prevalence of african swine fever virus asfv and classical swine fever virus csfv antibodies in pigs in benue state, nigeria. Classical swine fever csf virus is a member of the family flaviviridae, genus.
One of the vaccines nvs provides is the classical swine fever csf virus vaccine. Mir140 inhibits classical swine fever virus replication. Classical swine fever csf is one of the diseases notifiable to the world organization for animal health and represents one of the leading world. It is shown here that the end stage of lethal infection in the natural. Pdf classical swine fever virus detection researchgate. Both diseases only affect pigs and are exotic to australia.
North america is also at risk for the reintroduction of classical classical swine fever csf is a highly contagious and economically significant viral disease of pigs. Classical swine fever should not be confused with swine flu which is a. Introduction the classical swine fever virus csfv is an enveloped rna virus belonging to the family of flaviviridae, genus pestivirus 32. The virus is inactivated by 2% sodium hydroxide or by lipid solvents. These viruses are highly prevalent in bovine and ovine populations and can infect pigs. The development of and antigenicbased vaccines for the treatment of classical swine fever virus csfv is considered vital as this is a highly contagious disease that causes significant economic losses. Csf endemic countries have to use routine vaccination with modified live virus mlv vaccines to prevent and control csf. Classical swine fever virus in cattle article pdf available in the veterinary record 18.
Classical swine fever aetiology epidemiology diagnosis prevention and control references aetiology classification of the causative agent classical swine fever csf virus is a member of the family flaviviridae, genus pestivirus, containing one serotype divided into three major genotypes, including numerous subgenotypes. Cstrain vaccination is one of the most effective ways to contain this disease. Classification of the causative agent resistance to. Rapid detection of classical swine fever virus by a portable. Today, only 17 other regions are free of csf, 9 of which are in mexico. Classical swine fever national invasive species information. Other members of this genus are bovine viral diarrhea virus 1 and 2. Classical swine fever csf, also known as hog cholera, is a contagious viral disease of domestic and wild swine. A comparison of the impact of shimen and c strains of. The virus survives some curing processes as well as in frozen pork for months to years, and in chilled meats for months.
Enzootic classical swine fever causes severe direct economic losses, and substantial costs are required to maintain. Csfv causes serious losses in the pig industry since it is highly contagious and pathogenic, and can cause widespread deaths. Classical swine fever virus csfv, the causative agent of csf, is a member of the genus pestivirus, which belongs to the flaviviridae family. Classical swine fever virus csfv is antigenically related to the other pestiviruses, mainly to bovine viral diarrhea virus bvdv, see bovine viral diarrhea and mucosal disease complex of cattle and to border. Classical swine fever virus in cattle veterinary record. Efficacy of a live attenuated vaccine in classical swine. Pdf on jul 27, 2017, massimo giangaspero and others published classical swine fever virus in cattle find, read and cite all the research you need on researchgate.
Csfv is closely related to pestiviruses found in ruminants, and some of the latter viruses can cause serological reactions in pigs that may be. Disease control strategy for african and classical swine. There is only one serotype with minor antigenic variants. It is caused by a virus of the genus pestivirus of the family. Classical swine fever csf is caused by csf virus csfv which can. Csfv has a close antigenic relationship with bovine viral diarrhoea virus bvdv and border disease virus bdv of sheep. Classical swine fever virus csfv causes an economically important and highly contagious disease of pigs worldwide. It is shown here that the end stage of lethal infection in the natural host is associated with a dramatic depletion preferentially of b lymphocytes in the circulatory system as well as in lymphoid tissues. Classical swine fever an overview sciencedirect topics. Classical swine fever virus csfv, the causative agent of.
We are advising the public that a risk analysis has been prepared by the animal plant health inspection service aphis relative to the risk of introducing classical swine fever virus in swine and swine products imported from france and spain. It is caused by a virus of the genus pestivirus of the family flaviviridae, which is closely. Swine fever causes fever, skin lesions, convulsions, splenic infarctions and usually particularly in young animals. Efficient live attenuated vaccines against classical swine fever virus csfv are used routinely in endemic countries. The causative agent of the disease is classical swine fever virus csfv, which belongs to. Classical swine fever outbreak after modified live lom strain. Except for classical swine fever virus csfv, there is a consensus that pestiviruses have the capacity to cross the species barrier.
The symptoms of classical swine fever vary with the. Rapid detection of classical swine fever virus by a. Postmortem lesions that have been used to distinguish between the two diseases, such as ulcers in. Efficient live attenuated vaccines against classical swine fever virus csfv are used. Classical swine fever virus csfv is antigenically related to the other pestiviruses, mainly to bovine viral diarrhea virus bvdv, see bovine viral diarrhea and mucosal disease complex of cattle and to border disease virus bdv, see border disease of sheep. Pigs immunized with a novel e2 subunit vaccine are.
Classical swine fever csf is a highly contagious and often fatal hemorrhagic disease of swine and is caused by classical swine fever virus csfv, a member of the genus pestivirus of the family. The aim of this work was to validate a rtqpcr using taqman. A species profile for classical swine fever csf, hog cholera. Viruses free fulltext classical swine feveran updated. Classical swine fever virus an overview sciencedirect topics. Mir140 inhibits classical swine fever virus replication by. Csf is identified by the united states department of agriculture usda as a highconsequence foreign animal disease fad because it is one of the. Pdf the principles of aetiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis and immunology of classical swine fever as. The genus pestivirus, family flaviviridae, includes genetically related species recognised as important pathogens. Current knowledge indicates that experimental infections without. Identification of emerging swine viruses what to do with them. Although several countries have become free from classical swine fever after eradication programs.
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